What might be driving this lossless largesse?
Recently, two of the streaming music industry's biggest players — Apple and Amazon — both announced that they would begin offering lossless audio streams to their paid subscribers at no additional cost.
This marks the first time Apple has offered a higher-quality music format to its subscribers, though Amazon (and others) have offered hi-fi or HD music for several years under more premium subscription tiers.
More things for less money (or no money) sounds great, but unless you're Neil Young or our very own Jerry Hildenbrand, I will wager that you either have no idea what lossless audio is or that you don't really care about it.
So just what is lossless audio, you may ask? Essentially, it's an uncompressed digital audio file format that offers a higher fidelity sound closer to what you might actually hear in person. There are different definitions, versions, and formats of lossless audio, but the important thing to note is that it's not a particularly common spec for most digital audio services or devices.
So why are Apple and Amazon basically giving away lossless music to their streaming subscribers? I spoke with several audio experts to get a better idea of what their motivations might be. But first, some background.
Some Hi-Fi history
High-quality music is something that audiophiles have been obsessed with for years, dating back to hi-fi home theater systems that started popping up as early as the 1960s and 1970s. Companies like Sennheiser, Bose, and Klipsch, Master & Dynamic, and Bang and Olufsen have built their businesses on offering premium audio equipment for commercial use, and that's not counting those catering to a more professional audience.
Whether you call it Hi-Fi, hi-res, or lossless audio, you're probably an audiophile if you call it anything at all.
There have been limited consumer hardware options for reaping the benefits of high-fidelity music in the mobile tech space. Toward the end of the days when many people were still purchasing (or pirating) their digital music rather than streaming it, musician Neil Young attempted to launch his own portable music device in that played digital music in 24-bit, 192 kHz audio. Even though the music quality offered on Young's Pono player was better than you could get on iPods or Microsoft Zunes at the time, it largely fell on deaf ears. Ill-fated Android OEM Essential tried to offer a 3.5mm headphone jack with enhanced DAC accessory, but fewer people bought that than bought an Essential Phone. Most recently, phone maker LG was renowned for its digital audio converters (DACs) that it built into some of its premium phones, though it shut down its smartphone business earlier this year.
In the 90s, more customers began the slow transition from CDs to digital audio, and we saw the rise of file-sharing sites like Napster lead to digital commerce platforms like iTunes, which then morphed again to some of the best streaming apps that we know and love today, like Spotify. The problem with these new digital music services, at least, for audiophiles, was that the quality of the music was compromised by the various compression techniques that the service providers (and hardware manufacturers) employed to get large files to play over small bandwidth connections or to live on small storage devices.
Tidal was the first major streaming service to offer high-quality audio, and it has used this to differentiate itself from competitors.
Where there is a vacuum in a market, someone will enter to provide a solution, and Tidal was the first, or one of the first, to jump in and fill that need back in 2014. Tidal and other providers like Deezer HiFi and Amazon Music Unlimited HD have since then made premium-sounding music a premium feature, charging as much as double their normal subscriber rates for the privilege of playing Hi-Fi, HD, or lossless audio. Spotify has also announced its own Hi-Fi plan, which it plans to release at some point this year.
Outside of Spotify, Apple and Amazon are the two largest players in streaming music, and now that both companies are offering high-quality lossless audio to their paid subscribers at no additional charge, it remains to be seen how those other services can stand out, or even compete.
Musical motivations
There are several possible reasons why Apple and Amazon are making these moves now, but I think the three most important and most plausible ones are the relatively small market of people willing to pay for high-quality audio, the potential for future hardware sales, and the increasingly competitive streaming space.
Most people probably can't hear the difference in lossless audio, and they sure aren't willing to PAY for the privilege.
Whether it's Magic Eye posters or 8K screens, it's long been my suspicion that many people feign an appreciation for greater detail that they are actually able to notice, and it appears that the same phenomenon applies with high-definition audio. I asked several analysts and experts if most people can even hear the difference between compressed and uncompressed music, and perhaps not surprisingly, I kept getting a consistent answer... no.
Phillip Donaldson, who is an audio engineer at Canada's largest television and sports networks — CTV and TSN, told me that when it comes to lossless audio, "It's a niche thing.... most people wouldn't even know the difference."
Becky Roberts is a Hi-Fi and Audio Editor at What Hi-Fi? and has written extensively on various audio file formats and hardware manufacturers quite candidly agreed when I put the same question to her. "No, I don't think so, to be honest." Roberts says that while lossless audio is a real thing, it's being used mainly as a marketing term that companies are latching onto. She also says that many people confuse and conflate lossless audio with related terms like hi-res and Hi-Fi. "I think it will really just be a niche thing, especially since you need extra equipment in a lot of cases."
Lossless or high-definition audio can be appreciated in the right circumstances, but most people don't find themselves in that situation.
Carolina Milanesi, President and Principal Analyst at Creative Strategies, said that while she could appreciate lossless music in a controlled environment, it probably wouldn't be as noticeable in regular conditions. "I have been impressed with Amazon's HD music based on Dolby Atmos Music when I first had the opportunity to hear it as part of a pre-launch demo at the Dolby Theater in San Francisco. Noticing it in a day-to-day scenario might be a little more difficult as it depends on different things from ambient conditions to the device you are using." She went on to tell me that while she doesn't think lossless music is a passing fad, she does question whether consumers are willing to pay for it. "It reminds me of HD audio calls that carriers in the U.S. were marketing years ago at a premium, and people just could not care until it became a feature carriers used as a differentiator without a premium."
If most people probably can't appreciate the difference (at least until they have the proper streaming service and equipment), it hardly makes sense for streaming services to charge for it. But speaking of that equipment...
When asked whether or not offering lossless at no additional fee was simply a move to drive further hardware sales, the responses I got were a bit more mixed than I had expected. The cynic in me thought that the obvious motivation on the part of Apple and Amazon was to sell even more expensive AirPods, Echo speakers, and HomePods, but the analysts I spoke to had more level responses to this supposition.
Will we see AirPods Max 2, HomePod 2, or an Echo Studio 2 soon?
"Amazon already positioned HD music for its higher-end Echo, so I would assume that will remain the case... maybe expanding the range," said Milanesi. "For Apple, there might be a HomePod refresh in the works.
Roberts waivered on whether or not hardware was the driving motivation for Apple and Amazon in this case. "I don't really know if it's to drive extra hardware sales really... you'd have thought that if it were really on their roadmap, they would have dropped new $600 headphones by now." Of course, Apple did famously recently drop its new AirPods Max which cost nearly that price at $549, but it has since been discovered that these new cans can't play Apple's new lossless format; well not really anyway.
Donaldson said he thinks that we'll likely see more hardware from companies like Apple and Amazon to take advantage of this newfound audio quality because it gives them more things to sell. "It's another tagline in their advertising." But when asked if it's worth customers spending more money on new equipment, he was more forgiving. "Buy whatever sounds good to you. If you want to buy higher-end equipment and you can hear the difference, go for it. If you don't, don't."
That brings us to what many think is the real reason for Apple and Amazon's lossless largesse — competition.
"I do think it is more about customer acquisition and retention than hardware revenue, especially for Amazon," Milanese opined. "Amazon seemed to have responded to Apple's move into the market as [its] consumers were paying a premium for HD. Competition is intensifying as we reach a cap in the addressable market. Adding subscribers will come from churn from other services rather than new users... so adding perks can make a difference."
Roberts agreed, telling me that ever since Spotify announced its forthcoming HiFi tier, it would have been hard for Apple to pull new users away if it had then decided to charge for lossless audio. She said the pressure is really on companies like Tidal now. "I think it'd be hard for other streaming services, especially the ones that established themselves as offering lossless as their USP (unique selling proposition) justifying that as a way to charge extra."
Had Spotify been first to Hi-Fi and charged accordingly, Apple would have HAD to offer it for less/free. Now, Spotify is on the defensive.
Roberts also said that she thinks right now it's just important that Apple and Amazon are getting the message out there that "lossless audio is better and it's something people should want" and that will "spur the rest of the chain to support it" including communication standards and protocols as well as hardware. She said that while it's good for the industry that Apple and Amazon are putting so much emphasis on high-quality audio, Spotify will be the real game-changer when it launches its premium audio tier because of its large user base.
Apple Music and Amazon Music Unlimited currently rank as two of the most popular streaming services behind Spotify, so it will be interesting to see if their more widely available fancy file formats can peel away audiophiles from competitors like Tidal HiFi, Deezer HiFi, and even Spotify HiFi.
What about you — do Apple and Amazon's actions make you more likely to switch to their services (or stay there if you already subscribe)? Do you care about hi-res, Hi-Fi, or lossless audio? Let us know in the comments below.
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